The 1910s were a decade of dramatic events and significant changes for San Diego city. The city hosted a major international exposition. It suffered a devastating flood. It also saw the rapid growth of the military, particularly the Navy. These events shaped the city’s future in profound ways.
Beach and cliffs, La Jolla, California, 1912Hotel Brewster, a five-story wood frame and brick hotel with bay windows, San Diego, 1912.Old Point Loma Lighthouse with four windows and door boarded up, the light tower is open and empty, Point Loma, San Diego, 1910.Barnett and Stine Co. Building (6th and Broadway, San Diego)An automobile and military ambulance at a Savage Service Station at Camp Kearny, 1916Street scene of downtown San Diego of Fourth Avenue looking north from E Street 1912Boats and buildings along the waterfront in downtown San Diego, 1910Group of men, some wearing sombreros, standing outside the Pioneer Drug Store at 501 Fifth Avenue, 1915Park Place M.E. Church, South, San Diego, 1915Two women and one child feeding pigeons in Panama-California Exposition Plaza de Panama with boy sitting beyond, Balboa Park, 1915.People and automobiles outside a branch office of the Pacific Building Company, 1912Sixth Avenue looking north from C Street 1912Downtown San Diego looking west from San Diego High School, 1911A large group of people gathered for Decoration Day near a church 1913Fire fighters, fire engines, and fire trucks at a fire station in San Diego, 1915.Golden West Hotel 1913 ConstructionExterior of the U.S. Post Office and Custom House in downtown San Diego, 1915Exterior of San Diego High School, 1912Police using a fire hose to disperse a crowd gathered in front of the Police Station, 1912Exterior of the Eagles Building in downtown San Diego 1910Botanical Gardens, Lily Pond Garden, Food and Beverage Building, 1916
The Panama-California Exposition: Putting San Diego on the Map
The biggest event of the decade was the Panama-California Exposition of 1915-1916. This world’s fair was held in Balboa Park. It celebrated the opening of the Panama Canal. It also promoted San Diego as a port of call and a desirable place to live.
The Exposition was a huge undertaking. Many of the beautiful Spanish Colonial Revival buildings in Balboa Park were built specifically for the fair. These buildings housed exhibits from all over the world. They showcased art, culture, technology, and agriculture.
The Exposition attracted millions of visitors. It put San Diego on the map internationally. It boosted the city’s economy and helped to attract new residents. The fair was a point of civic pride.
The “Isthmus” was the entertainment zone of the Exposition. It featured rides, games, and shows. It was a place for fun and excitement, a contrast to the more serious exhibits. It was like a small amusement park.
The Exposition had a lasting impact on Balboa Park. Many of the buildings remained after the fair closed. They became museums, theaters, and other cultural institutions. The park became the cultural heart of San Diego.
Machinery exhibit at the Panama-California Exposition, with a display of pumps, 1915.People standing next to a San Diego Electric Railway streetcar at 32nd and Imperial Avenue 1910Entrance to the exposition, buildings, banners, and people, 1916.The entrance to the Theosophical Institute at Point Loma, 1912Panama California Exposition, Varied Industries Building, 1915Men moving a palm tree past San Diego High School 1914Horse-drawn carts outside the Muehleisen Tent and Awning Company [ca.1910Fifteen views of buildings at the San Diego Panama-California Exposition, 1915.Two automobiles parked at the entrance to the New Southern Hotel at Sixth and B Street 1913Girls Playing Ball at Rose Park Playground, 1914Old Town Bridge Before the Flood of 1916East San Diego, 1910Street vendor in tall hat and Spanish clothing on Plaza de Panama, Panama-California Exposition, two boys, men and women observing girl, Balboa Park, 1915.
The Hatfield Flood
In 1916, San Diego experienced a devastating flood. It became known as the “Hatfield Flood” after Charles Hatfield, a man who claimed he could make it rain. The city had hired Hatfield to fill the Morena Reservoir.
A period of heavy rainfall began in January 1916. The rain continued for days, causing rivers to overflow and dams to break. The resulting floodwaters swept through the city and surrounding areas.
The Sweetwater Dam and the Lower Otay Dam both failed. This released huge amounts of water, causing widespread destruction. Homes were destroyed, bridges were washed away, and lives were lost.
The flood caused millions of dollars in damage. It was one of the worst natural disasters in San Diego’s history. It highlighted the need for better flood control measures. The cleanup and rebuilding took years.
The question of whether Hatfield caused the rain remains a debate. He was never paid the full amount he was promised. The flood became a part of San Diego folklore.
Five views of the San Diego County floods, showing floodwaters in Mission Valley, Old Town, and broken dams, 1916.Spreckels Organ Pavilion, 1914Three men working with machinery in a small brick foundry 1912Automobiles and a truck parked outside the San Diego Brewery, 1914Concert on the lawn at Panama California Exposition held in Balboa Park in San Diego, 1915Large pile of tires stacked outside the San Diego Junk Company and Hotel Yokum, 1915View of the Santa Fe Depot under construction from the roof of the San Diego Gas & Electric building 1914Street view of Fourth Avenue looking north from Broadway 1911Fifth Avenue looking north from E Street with the #4 Streetcar 1911Exterior of the Hazard-Gould Hardware Store in the Union Building in downtown San Diego 1915View of Kensington Park looking northeast toward Adams Avenue 1913Exposition visitors gathered around a grand piano at the Spreckels Organ Pavilion, 1915Keating Building on the NW corner Fifth and F in 1910San Diego flood 1916-1917Employees of the San Diego Machine Company standing in front of the business 1916Bay Reclamation, Old and New Depots, SD Gas and Electric, 1915Fifth Avenue looking north from E Street 1912People gathered at La Jolla Cove for a day at the beach 1916Valley, roads, a trestle or bridge, trees, and a mountain, San Diego, 1910sFifth Avenue looking north from E Street, 1912Aerial view of San Diego looking east 1918 1918View of the exposition area in the park looking west toward the California tower, 1915Dredging San Diego harbor in order to create Harbor Drive 1913San Diego Police Station and Jail on Second Avenue 1915View of downtown San Diego looking west from about Fifth and Broadway, 1915View of San Diego High School 1912Exterior of the rear of the Federal Building in downtown San Diego 1916Exterior of the King George Hotel at Seventh and E Street 1913 Feb.Automobiles and streetcars on University Avenue 1917Exterior of the San Diego Sun newspaper at the southwest corner of Seventh and B Street 1913Street view of Broadway near the Broadway Theater 1915Flight Celebrating the End of World War I, 1918View of San Diego Harbor looking west from the roof of the US Grant Hotel 1915Exterior of the Hotel San Diego, 1912Automobiles parked in front of the Union Building in downtown San Diego, 1915Branch of the First Trust & Savings Bank of San Diego at 30th and University Avenue, 1924Fifth Avenue looking south from the First National Bank Building on Broadway 1910Exterior view of the San Diego County Courthouse from Union Street 1911Exterior of the YMCA building at Eighth and C Street, 1915People gathered around the fountain at Horton Park on the coldest day on record 1913People briskly walking to catch a streetcar on a city street, 1918View of the No. 6 streetcar, 1915Exterior of the Elk’s Building, 1914SDFD Crew at Balboa Park Fire Station, 1915Buildings and grounds of the Theosophical Society headquarters in Point Loma, San Diego, 1910.People waiting to board a streetcar on Third Avenue in downtown San Diego, 1912A streetcar passing the Adams Avenue trolley barn [ca.1915San Diego Fire Department Crew in 1910Group of people attending an auction of fire horses 1913Flood Remains of the Old Town Bridge, 1916California State Building in the background, with an arbor in the foreground, 1915.A drying platform of the Zunis, c1915 Jan. 27Interior of Botanical Building exhibition, Panama-California Exposition with foliage of banana, palm, fern, and a double door in an ogee-inspired lath frame, Balboa Park, 1916.The Wishing well, Ramona’s Marriage Place, Old Town, San Diego, Calif., 1910sSan Diego, Calif., and bay from U.S. Grant Hotel, 1910sSeven views of Ramona’s Marriage Place in San Diego, 1915.Lily Pond, Food and Beverage Building, 1915Opening Day of the Santa Fe Depot in 1915Streetcar collision surveyed by eight men; with an open-seat streetcar with glass window panel in the background, San Diego, 1915.Fifth Avenue in 1912, Roosevelt Presidential Campaign BannerA man and woman posing in rocking chairs, looking out from porch arches onto the Prado, with Spanish Colonial Revival style buildings, Balboa Park, 1915.Cabrillo Bridge and Tower of California Building; across gully view shows Cabrillo Bridge, Churrigueresque style California Tower, Balboa Park, 1915.A small cactus garden just northwest of the Laurel Street Bridge, 1915Children and women strolling along the Panama-California Exposition Prado in Balboa Park with Churrigueresque style exhibition buildings in the background, 1915.Laurel Street Bridge under construction in 1913, also known as the Cabrillo Street BridgeOpening of the Panama-California Exposition, Balboa Park, San Diego, 1915.Fletcher home on 24th and Broadway, San Diego, 1910sLarge crowd at a nightime event at the Spreckels Organ Pavilion, 1915California County Supervisors and families attending the 5th Annual Convention in San Diego at the Southern California County Building, Panama-Pacific Exposition, 1915.An automobile exhibit at the Panama California Exposition, showing three automobiles inside a large exhibit hall, Balboa Park, San Diego, 1915.Celebration of a construction milestone, with a crowd, flags and speech-makers. Construction began in 1911 for The Panama California Exposition which was held in Balboa ParkSan Diego River at Old Town, 1916 FloodMilitary parade on Puente Cabrillo; men in uniform on horseback in foreground, infantry in the background, with spectators, Balboa Park, 1915.South end of Old Point Loma Lighthouse, formerly Old Spanish Lighthouse, now part of Cabrillo National Monument with a broken railing, Point Loma, 1910.Panama California Exposition Construction, 1915Twenty-one women and five men posing on lawn of the Spanish Colonial Revival style Montana State Building, Panama-California Exposition, Balboa Park, 1915.Panama California Exposition Construction, 1915Two boys wading in water along an unpaved street in Balboa Park in 1913.San Diego County Courthouse Circa 1910Santa Fe Depot Under Construction in 1914Santa Fe Depot in 1918View down Sixth Avenue in 1915Audience in outdoor seating observing actors in a staged performance at Spreckels Organ Pavilion, Panama-California Exposition, Balboa Park, 1915.Interior view of the California Building. It was built for the 1915-16 Panama-California Exposition and served as the grand entry to the Expo.Two aerial night views of the Spreckels Organ Pavilion in Balboa Park; one during a concert, 1916.Sacramento Valley building with a striped awning and arches, 1915.A celebration in Horton Plaza in downtown San Diego. A band from the British cruiser H.M.S. Lancaster joined the 21st Infantry Band for a concert on the plaza in the evening of June 12, 1917Shacks and adobe buildings near San Diego border, 1910.View of the Pacific from the Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.The Canyon Cabrillo from the California Tower, Panama-California Exposition, 1915.One of the principal streets leading to the Exposition grounds, Fifth Street looking north, San Diego, 1915.Laguna de las Flores from the Botanical Pavilion; Commerce and Industries Building in the background, 1915.Garden with a fountain, Botanical Building on the right, California Building in the background, 1915.Exterior of the Central Mortgage Building in downtown San Diego, 1915The facade of Southern Counties Building, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Exterior of the Andrew Carnegie Public Library in downtown San Diego, 1915Exterior of the Southern Title and Trust Company in downtown San Diego 1918Circular fountain in the center of a broad walkway in front of ornate buildings, 1915.A rose-covered pergola, Panama-California Exposition, 1915.Displays for Globe Flour, Sperry Flour Co., Balboa guard, Interior of Food Products Building, Panama-California Exposition, 1915.Approaching San Diego from the Bay – submarines and the supply ship “Iris” in the foreground, 1915.Looking east on Broadway from First Street, on a rainy night, shows Exposition Official Information Bureau, San Diego, 1915.
Daily Life
Daily life in San Diego in the 1910s was a mix of the old and the new. The city was becoming more modern, but it still retained much of its small-town character.
Automobiles were becoming more common, but horses and streetcars were still important modes of transportation. The streets were a mix of cars, horses, carriages, and pedestrians. Roads were slowly getting better.
Electric lights were becoming standard in homes and businesses. This made life more convenient and safer. Other modern conveniences, like telephones and indoor plumbing, were also becoming more widespread.
Entertainment options included theaters, parks, and beaches. Balboa Park, after the Exposition, became an even more popular destination. The growing movie industry also provided a new form of entertainment.
Fashion was changing. Women’s clothing was becoming less restrictive. Shorter skirts and looser-fitting dresses were becoming popular. Men’s clothing was also becoming more practical and less formal.
The new Santa Fe Railroad Station on Broadway and Arctic Sts., San Diego, 1915.The Esplanade and the Plaza de Los Estados, with the San Joaquin Building and Spreckels Organ Pavilion, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.A long arcade along the Prado, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Buildings outlined in lights; with the Alhambra Cafeteria , Night on “The Isthmus”, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Submarines in the foreground and battleships and torpedo boats in the background, San Diego Bay, 1915.Huge palms in the Botanical Building, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Varied Industries and Food Product Building, Panama-California Exposition, designed by Carleton M. Winslow with sculptural details by H. R. Schmohl, 1915.By the Foreign Arts Building, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Tea Gardens of Japan and Formosa, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Mission San Diego, Southern California, 1915.Entrance to the San Joaquin Valley Building, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Replica of the Pala Chief Gem Mine, with an electriquette in the foreground, “The Isthmus,” Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Balboa guard in the Pepper Grove garden, Panama-California Exposition, 1915.East side of the Plaza de Panama, showing the San Joaquin Valley building, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.The north entrance of the Foreign Arts Building, with an Electriquette in the foreground, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Botanical Gardens and part of the ornamental pool, Laguna de las Flores, 1915.A pathway bordered with flowers, trees, and shrubs by the Canon Cabrillo, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.A corner of the Japanese Exhibit, showing lacquer, bronze, and wicker work , Foreign and Domestic Arts Building, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Garden beds, benches, and bronze lampposts in Los Jardines de Montezuma, 1915.A tempting display of Sacramento Valley fruits and murals, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Pueblo buildings, and adobe ovens, “The Isthmus,” an exhibit by Santa Fe Railroad, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Plaza de Panama, with the Home Economy Building in the background, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.The Cawston Ostrich Farm exhibit building, with an electriquette, “The Isthmus,” Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.International Harvester Company’s Building, as seen from a distant pergola, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.The State Buildings of Washington and New Mexico on La via de Los Estados, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Hand-carved wooden statues at Mission San Diego, which were made in Spain. Depicting religious figures, 1910.Looking toward the Plaza de Los Estados showing the Spreckels Organ Pavilion, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Citrus orchard with smudge pots or orchard heaters, the Alameda, “The Isthmus,” Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Overlooking Los Jardines de Montezuma, from the south balcony of the California Building, showing the garden and Indian Arts Building, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Brick patio at the Panama-California Exposition, 1915.A mineral display organized by county in the Sacramento Valley Building, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Walkway bordered by black acacia trees, pedestrians, and an electriquette on the walkway, 1915.U. S. Marine review in the Plaza de Panama, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Ruins of Chapel, Mission San Diego, founded July 6, 1769, 1910.Toadstool building and Chinatown, “The Isthmus,” Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.The Southern Counties Building, Panama-California Exposition, 1915.The Prado from the 200 foot California Tower, facing Eastward, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.The Laguna Espejada and entrance to the Botanical Gardens, showing the Botanical Pavilion and ornamental pool, Laguna de las Flores, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Interior of the Botanical Building; designed by the architectural firm of Goodhue and Winslow, 1915.The beautiful front of the California Building, Panama-California Exposition, 1915.Daily Marine drill in the Plaza de Panama, with the Sacramento Valley Building, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Colored panorama of the Estudillo Adobe in Old Town, courtyard garden, perimeter of u-shaped adobe house, 1915.Aerial view of the exposition area from the California Tower, 1915Lincoln School kindergarten classFord Motor Co. & Bay City Market Delivery TrucksSide view of a two-story, multi-level roof block cement building, showing the entrance with Arizona and United States flags, 1915.Laborers grading ground at Panama-California Exposition, showing a tractor pulling earthmoving machinery, with exhibition buildings, Balboa Park, 1915.The Prado looking east, showing a man and woman walking on a dirt street, with buildings of Panama-California Exposition, Balboa Park, 1915.Estacion de Police at the Panama-California Exposition; showing two flat-roofed buildings, the Ambulance and Police Station, and Central Power Station, Balboa Park, 1915.Mule-drawn wagon with a large tree on the Prado of the Panama-California Exposition, 1914.Balboa Stadium Under Construction in 1914Thirteen views of Camp Kearny, a military camp, showing the 40th Division review, Y.M.C.A. building, and soldiers, 1918.Engine number 50 of the San Diego and Arizona Rail line stands at a siding, 1910sThe Varied Industries Building (later Casa del Prado), Panama-California Exposition, with a two-story Spanish Colonial Revival style building, Balboa Park, 1915.A distant elevated view of Panama-California Exposition buildings and Cabrillo Bridge in construction, San Diego, 1915.Panama California Exposition Construction, 1915Panama California Exposition Construction, 1915U. Grant Hotel, with Point Loma in the background, as seen from the roof of the St. James Hotel, San Diego, Calif., U.S.A., Meadville, Pa. : Keystone View Company, Manufacturers and Publishers, 1915.Panama California Exposition, 1915Balboa Park in San Diego, 1915Panama California Exposition Construction, 1915Fire department float in an Industrial Parade in San Diego, firemen driving, LoringView of explanada leading to the Spreckels Organ Pavilion in Panama California Exposition, 1915Interior of a curio shop in Old Town San Diego, items for sale are American Indian pottery and baskets, 1910sA Southern Pacific Railway steam locomotive delivering pipes to San Diego, 1915Looking west from Fort Rosecrans to the Pacific, 1910s
Social and Political Issues
The 1910s were a time of social and political change in the United States, and San Diego was no exception. The city saw labor unrest and a growing movement for women’s suffrage.
The “Free Speech Fight” of 1912, which had begun in the previous decade, continued to have repercussions. Labor unions and socialist groups continued to clash with business owners and city officials. There were ongoing tensions over workers’ rights and free speech.
The movement for women’s suffrage gained momentum in California. Women in California gained the right to vote in 1911, several years before the 19th Amendment granted suffrage nationwide. San Diego women played an active role in the suffrage movement.
Prohibition, the ban on alcohol, became a major issue. California did not go completely “dry” until national Prohibition in 1920, but there were local efforts to restrict alcohol sales in San Diego. This was a controversial issue, with strong opinions on both sides.
The Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) also had an impact on San Diego. The city was close to the border, and there were concerns about spillover violence. Some refugees from the revolution came to San Diego.
Broadway served as an unofficial dividing line. This area was between the more reputable area to the north, and “stingaree” to the south. Stingaree Town was a red-light district. It was full of brothels, gambling halls, and opium dens. It was a place of vice and crime, a stark contrast to the respectable image the city was trying to project. Efforts to clean up the Stingaree were ongoing, but it remained a problem throughout the decade.
Aerial of Broadway and adjacent streets and buildings in downtown San Diego, 1918Balboa Stadium in San Diego, originally built as part of the Panama-California Exposition, 1915.Florence School physical education classInterior of Opera Cafeteria, showing tables, chairs, a patterned floor, and an ornate cash register, San Diego, 1912.Curtiss in his hydroplane in San Diego Harbor, 1912.La Jolla Branch, San Diego Public Library, a single-story stucco Spanish Revival building, tile roof, corner entrance, 1914.Downtown San Diego looking northwest from Seventh and Ash Street, 1910The Little Landers Colony, a utopian enterprise in San Ysidro sold their produce form horse drawn carts, then later from a store ant Sixth and B St.Crescent Boat Co. steamboat in the harbor near the foot of Broadway in San Diego, 1910sKing Neptune float at the Panama-California Exposition groundbreaking in San Diego, 1911.The Glenn Curtiss hydroplane preparing to take off in San Diego Bay flew out to the USS Pennsylvania, landed on the water then later took off to fly back to San Diego, 1911A man standing next to the Hotel Barstow bus in San Diego, The Hotel was located at 4th and A Streets, 1910Biplane over Point Loma in San Diego, 1912.Train and railroad cars in the foreground with Camp Kearny beyond, San Diego, 1918A rare night view of Fifth Avenue and the McFadden Buxton Arcade Building.Two views of Neo-Classical style California State Normal School, Park Boulevard and El Cajon Avenue, San Diego, 1915.Labor Day Parade, San Diego, Typographical Union, First Prize, 1910.Balboa Park grounds and buildings of the Panama-California Exposition used as Naval Training Station during World War I, Balboa Park, 1918.Foreign and Domestic Building, Panama-California International Exposition, showing Spanish Colonial Revival Churrigueresque style towers and entrance, Balboa Park, 1916.A student, Mohan Singh, from India flying a Curtiss Pusher biplane at the Curtiss School of Aviation, North Island, San Diego, 1912.Wharves and buildings at the end of H Street (later Market Street), the Spreckels Bros Commercial Co. building, San Diego, 1918Aerial view of streets and buildings in downtown San Diego, with Broadway on the right and ships in San Diego Bay, 1911.
The Navy’s Growing Presence
The 1910s saw a significant increase in the military presence in San Diego, particularly the Navy. The city’s strategic location and excellent harbor made it an ideal base for naval operations.
The Navy established several facilities in San Diego during this decade. These included a training center, a naval air station, and a destroyer base. These facilities brought jobs and economic activity to the city.
North Island, in Coronado, became a major center for naval aviation. Glenn Curtiss, the aviation pioneer, had established a flight school there in the previous decade. The Navy expanded on this, creating a major air station.
The presence of the Navy began to change the character of San Diego. It became known as a “Navy town.” The military became a major employer and a significant part of the city’s identity.
World War I (1914-1918), although the U.S. didn’t enter until 1917, accelerated the growth of the military in San Diego. The city became a major training and deployment center. This further solidified the Navy’s presence.
Military groups, including Cavalry, Army, and Navy, parading at the Panama-Pacific Exposition, San Diego, 1915.The real estate partnership of McFadden and Buxton occupied an arcade running between Fourth and Fifth Ave, 1910sThe Lowell School at 17th and H (Market St.) with the student body assembled in front, 1910sThe busy street corner captured at Fourth and D St. (Broadway), 1910sParis Dye Works on Logan Avenue, 1910sThe new Watts Building at Fifth and F St. under construction in 1912 boasted two high-speed electric elevatorsLobby of Florence Hotel, 320 Fir StreetHorse-drawn tree moving on El PradoDome and cupola of the Botanical Pavilion exhibit building, Panama-California Exposition, with a lawn and shrubs in the foreground, Balboa Park, 1915.Entrance to the Bentley Ostrich Farm near the Mission Cliff Gardens 1915October 25, 1913, an acrobat named France LeFranc, attempted a headstand atop the statue ofBentley Brothers Lumber in San Diego, with several men standing in front of the building, 1910Cabrillo Bridge, Balboa Park, and the surrounding area in San Diego, 1915.Projectionist and equipment in a projection room in a movie theatre, 1913.Streetcar and streetcar employees in San Diego, The streetcar is numbered 139, 1913.Wooden buildings at Fort Rosecrans, located on the San Diego Bay side of the Point Loma promontory, 1910.People in line to enter exposition buildings identified as Russia and Brazil, with the Churrigueresque style California Tower in the background, Balboa Park, 1915.Four sailors in a columned arcade, Built for the Panama-California Exposition, used as United States Naval Training Camp, Balboa Park, 1918.Side of Casa de Estudillo, also known as the Estudillo House, in Old Town San Diego, 1910sGardens and adobe buildings at Ramona’s Home, San Diego, 1910s.Troops marching at Fort Rosecrans in the Point Loma area of San Diego, with a pier at right, 1914.Biplane at Naval Aviation Camp, North Island, 1912.People and pigeons in Plaza de Panama; showing the Spanish Colonial Revival Sacramento Valley Building in the background, Panama-California Exposition, 1915.Portion of business section and harbor, San Diego, California, 1910sA large crowd relaxing on Ocean Beach, with restaurants and shops along the beach, San Diego, 1910sCharles Hamilton in a biplane at an air show in San Diego, 1910.San Diego Bay from mud flats; small boats in foreground, larger steam ship beyond the small boats; battleship docked, 1915.Shops in San Diego decorated with American flags, a man in a military uniform on the left, 1918U.S. Custom House on a pier in San Diego, 1913.Streetcar and streetcar employees in San Diego. The streetcar is number 159, 1915.Presidio ParkForeign Arts Building at the Panama-California Exposition, showing Spanish Revival Churrigueresque style tower and entrance, Balboa Park, San Diego, 1915.Two views of the Theosophical Society headquarters in Point Loma, exterior of building, interior of Temple of Peace, 1910.Mission Brewing Co.Gate to Chinatown, Panama California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.A crowded stand of watchers all in hats observing an unnamed sporting eventPeople gathered for an outing at Cardiff Beach in August 1912.Sailors in formation in Balboa Park, San Diego, 1918.Airplanes flying over San Diego, Rockwell Field, 1918.A popular skyline view of the city looking north along Fourth and Fifth Avenues toward the Grant Hotel, 1910sStreet view of University Avenue in East San Diego near 43rd Street, 1913Police using a fire hose to quell the I.W.W. riot in downtown San Diego 1912Exterior of the San Diego County Courthouse and Hall of Records 1918The Spreckels Theatre building, D St., San Diego, 1910s.Five views of the San Diego County floods, showing floodwaters in Mission Valley, Old Town, and broken dams, 1916.San Diego Brewing Co.Santa Fe Railroad eucalyptus plantation, San Diego, 1910.From across the canyon, Cabrillo Bridge (Puente Cabrillo) approaching Balboa Park with the Spanish Colonial Revival Churrigueresque style California Building, Balboa Park, 1916.Lily Lagoon from the Botanical Building, showing Spanish Colonial Revival style exhibit buildings in the distance, Balboa Park, 1915.Approach to Mission San Diego de Alcala, showing the arched wood plank entrance door and Mission-style curvilinear gable, 1913.Houses ascending up a hill in La Jolla, with a street in the foreground appearing flooded, 1916.Japanese Tea Pavilion, where visitors to the Exposition could sit, sip tea, and enjoy the landscaped garden, 1915Silver Cloud Coates, 1917.A woman with a camera and a man in uniform on Cabrillo Bridge, with the California Building and Tower, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.The Street of Fun, as seen from the Japanese Village, with an electriquette, “The Isthmus,” Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.A United States military biplane flying over San Diego Bay, with ships in the background, 1915.Night view of a biplane flying over San Diego Bay from the shore, showing the silhouette of a ship, 1918.Balustrade at the edge of a broad walkway with the Varied Industries building in the background, San Diego, 1916.Priestess Niau, wearing a tapa cloth dress and cape of leaves; with hands raised in a dancing position; with a palm-thatch hut, Panama-California Exposition, 1915.Outdoor Mess, 4000 sailors eating in the sunshine, 1918.Varied Industries Building and Formal Garden, Panama-California Exposition, 1915.Mission “San Diego de Alcala”, 1910.Wilbur W. Frank family, People identified on back as Will, Lill, Grandma Nichols, Mame, and Irving, 1910.Three women approaching the Churrigueresque-style facade of the California Building, Balboa Park, 1915.Construction workers on scaffolding on side of Spanish Colonial Revival style exhibition building, Panama-Califorinia Exposition with ornate Churrigueresque style entry portal, Balboa Park, 1915.Entrance to the Plaza de California, San Diego Exposition, 1915.The Llewelyn Building at 722 Fifth Avenue, 1917Products display in the Southern Counties Building, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.The Milkmaid” — built of California butter, an exhibit from the southern California dairy industry, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Pied Piper,” a full-length side portrait of a man in a cape and pointed hat, holding a reed flute pipe, San Diego, 1916.Memorial to Fray (Father) Junipero Serra (1713-1784), who led the founding of the Mission of San Diego in 1769. First shown during the Panama-California Exposition of 1915Date palm trees in San Diego, 1915.Old City Hall with Flags and Bunting, 664 Fifth Avenue at G, 1912Toliver dirigible airship under construction in a pit, with San Diego Harbor in the distance, 1911.The Cabrillo Bridge is a historic pedestrian and automobile bridge providing access between Balboa Park and the Uptown area of San Diego, 1914Looking Westward on the Prado, showing electriquette and Varied Industries, with the California Building in the background, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.San Diego 1916 Exposition, 1916.A man posing adjacent to the Montezuma Garden, with the California Tower and California State Building at right, Balboa Park, 1915.Los Jardines del Eucalyptus, with the California Building in the background, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Zuni Pueblo in the “Painted Desert,” with Zuni people and a partially constructed basket, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Looking out over El Puente Cabrillo from the Fine Arts Building, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.Basketball Champions at Rose Park, 1914Varied Industries Building, San Diego Fair, 1915Tame pigeons on the Plaza, with 2000, and Sacramento counties building in the background, Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915.The Broadway Fountain, a Classical-style fountain in a palm tree-lined plaza on Broadway Street, San Diego, 1918.Edward Rainey places the most northern of the “Exposition Trail” arrows on a pole, San Francisco, 1915.An aerial view overlooking the exposition grounds with the bay in the distance, Panama-California Exposition, 1915.California Building and California Tower from the Northeast in 1915
Image Credits: sandiego.gov, Library of Congress, sandiegohistory.org, wikimedia, Online Archive of California, California State Library
